Lub rooj tsavxwm tsis nruj, tseem hu ua lub rooj tsavxwm nyuaj lossis lub rooj tsavxwm nruj, yog lub phaj- zoo li cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv insulating thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Nws feem ntau siv cov ntaub fiberglass ua ib lub substrate, coated nrog tooj liab ntawv ci thiab etched los ua ib tug conductive kab, yog li ua tiav kev sib txuas hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Rigid printed circuit boards yog dav siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob vim lawv lub cev ruaj khov thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm hluav taws xob.
