Taw qhia
Industrial tswj boards tsis tshua tau txais kev saib xyuas sab nraum cov cuab yeej uas lawv khiav.
Lawv zaum hauv automation systems, industrial computers, I/O modules, sensor interfaces, gateways, motor control units, power modules, machine controllers, and controllers. Thaum lawv ua haujlwm, tsis muaj leej twg hais txog lawv. Thaum lawv ua tsis tiav, kab yuav nres, lub txee yuav xav tau kev pabcuam, lossis tus kws tshaj lij yuav tsum kuaj xyuas qhov teeb meem hauv thaj chaw.
Qhov ntawd hloov PCB sib tham sib tham.
Rau cov neeg yuav khoom OEM, cov lus nug tsis yog xwb: "Tus neeg muag khoom no puas tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke lub rooj tsavxwm?"
Cov lus nug zoo dua yog: "Qhov EMS tus khub puas tuaj yeem pab peb tsim kom muaj kev tswj hwm kev lag luam PCBA uas muaj zog txaus rau kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig, txhais tau zoo txaus los sim rov ua dua, siv tau txaus los koom ua ke, thiab ruaj khov txaus rau yav tom ntej batch?"
Kev tswj hwm kev lag luam PCBA tsis yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo sib xws nrog cov khoom hnyav dua. Nws kuj tsis yog lwm qhov kev txiav txim PCBA xwb. Lub rooj tsavxwm daim ntawv thov, kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig, cov khoom sib txuas, firmware, kev sim, thiab rov tsim khoom xav tau txhua yam kev tsim khoom.
Cov Rooj Tswjhwm Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam tsis yog "Cov Neeg Siv Khoom hnyav" xwb
Kev tswj hwm kev lag luam npog ntau yam khoom lag luam: PLC-mob cuam tshuam, faib I / O boards, tsav tsav lub rooj tsavxwm, cov txheej txheem tswj, sensor interface boards, fais fab kev soj ntsuam modules, muaj rooj vag boards, HMI-txog tswj boards, thiab embedded tswj boards siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv.
Dab tsi ua rau lawv txawv tsis yog tsuas yog kev tsim hluav taws xob. Nws yog lub luag haujlwm ua haujlwm.
Lub rooj tsav xwm tswj kev lag luam yuav xav tau kev txhawb nqa lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ruaj khov, kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, kev sib txuas lossis kev sib txuas ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg, kev xaim hluav taws xob, kev hloov kho firmware, kev pabcuam kev pabcuam, kev sib koom ua ke, thiab rov hais dua cov khoom lag luam ntev dua.
Qee qhov kev lag luam boards yog qhov yooj yim. Lub rooj sib tham me me nrog cov pob qij txha pom thiab tsis muaj firmware yuav tsis xav tau ib qho kev sim hnyav lossis cov ntaub ntawv pob.
Tab sis EMS kev sib tham yuav tsum tseem pib los ntawm pawg thawj coj saib daim ntawv thov tiag tiag, tsis yog los ntawm cov lus qhia dav dav PCBA.
Ib lub rooj tsavxwm uas ua haujlwm ntawm lub rooj zaum tseem yuav ua tsis tau raws li tus neeg yuav khoom xav tau tiag tiag yog tias nws nyuaj rau kev sib sau ua ke, nyuaj rau kev sim, lossis tsis ruaj khov hauv cov khoom siv zaum kawg.
1. BOM tswj thiab cov khoom siv khoom ruaj khov
Rau kev lag luam tswj board PCBA, BOM stability feem ntau yog ib qho ntawm thawj tus neeg yuav khoom xav tau.
Ntau cov khoom lag luam tsis tau tsim ib zaug thiab hloov sai sai. Tej zaum lawv yuav xav tau kev txiav txim rov qab, cov khoom seem, cov khoom lag luam, kev hloov kho, lossis kev txhawb nqa ntev ntev -. Yog tias BOM nyob ntawm qhov luv luv - lub sijhawm muaj lossis hloov pauv tsis raug cai, qhov project tuaj yeem nyuaj rau rov ua dua.
Ib qho kev tsim tawm -BOM npaj yuav tsum qhia meej cov chaw tsim khoom tau pom zoo tus lej, kev pom zoo hloov pauv, cov khoom tseem ceeb, ntev - txhuas lossis ib qho - qhov chaw, relay thiab cov khoom sib txuas, kev pheej hmoo ntawm lub neej, kev hloov pauv kev pom zoo, thiab kev cia siab rau kev taug qab.
Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov laug cam uas siv cov khoom sib txuas hauv kev lag luam, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev sib txuas lus ICs, optocouplers, relays, fuses, cais cov khoom sib txuas, thiab cov neeg siv khoom- cov khoom tshwj xeeb.
Ib qho khoom siv hloov pauv tuaj yeem haum tus hneev taw. Qhov ntawd tsis tau txhais hais tias nws coj zoo ib yam hauv kev tswj hwm kev lag luam.
Rau cov neeg yuav khoom OEM,Cheebtsam Sourcingyuav tsum tau kho raws li ib feem ntawm kev tsim khoom ruaj khov, tsis yog ib txoj hauv kev los sau BOM.
2. Manufacturing-Aware PCB Layout Review
Muaj cov tswj vaj huam sib luag feem ntau xav tau ntau tshaj qhov kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob.
Cov txheej txheem PCB tseem yuav tsum txhawb nqa kev sib dhos, kev tshuaj xyuas, kev sim, kev txhim kho tshuab, kev taw qhia cable, thermal cwj pwm, thiab kev pabcuam.
Thaum lub sij hawm PCB los ua ke tshuaj xyuas, cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau kev sib txuas kev taw qhia, lub davhlau ya nyob twg thaiv qhov sib txawv, mounting qhov clearance, khaws- tawm thaj chaw nyob ib puag ncig siab -cov khoom siv profile, cais thaj chaw uas daim ntawv thov xav tau, ntsuas qhov taw qhia, polarity markings, heat-generating component placement, panelization, and cabinet mechanical fit IN, enclosure hardware.
Hauv kev tswj hwm kev lag luam PCBA, cov khoom sib txuas thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob feem ntau muaj teeb meem ntau npaum li qhov chaw IC.
Ib qho txuas tuaj yeem ua tau hluav taws xob raug tab sis ua tsis tau zoo rau kev xaim hluav taws xob. Lub rooj tsavxwm tuaj yeem dhau qhov kev sim ua haujlwm tau zoo tab sis nyuaj rau kev sib tw. Lub zog tivthaiv tuaj yeem dhau qhov kev ua haujlwm yooj yim tab sis tseem tsim kev txhawj xeeb thermal hauv ib lub thawv.
Tias yog vim li cas DFM thiab DFT tshuaj xyuas yuav tsum txuas cov qauv tsim nrog kev tsim khoom tiag.
3. Mixed Technology Assembly Planning
Ntau lub rooj tswj hwm kev lag luam tsis yog SMT boards.
Lawv feem ntau muab SMT cov khoom sib txuas nrog los ntawm - qhov txuas txuas, lub davhlau ya nyob twg thaiv, relays, transformers, keyboards, headers, fuses, capacitors loj, lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas.
Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias cov txheej txheem sib dhos tuaj yeem koom nrog SMT PCB Assembly, DIP Assembly, Wave Soldering, Selective Soldering, phau ntawv sib dhos, kev teeb tsa txuas, kev txhawb nqa tshuab, thiab tom qab- kev tshuaj xyuas.
Kev sib xyaw ua ke thev naus laus zis xav tau kev npaj.
Tus khub EMS yuav xav txog qhov kev tso kawm, txoj kev sib txuas, thermal loj, kev sib txuas sib txuas, kev txhawb nqa hnyav, kev tshuaj xyuas, thiab kev txwv kev ua haujlwm.
Ib qho qauv me me tuaj yeem ua tau tes- ua tiav. Ib lub rooj tsav xwm kev lag luam rov ua dua tshiab yuav tsum muaj txoj hauv kev ruaj khov.
Qhov ntawd yog qhov uas cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum tsis txhob kho cov kev tswj hwm kev lag luam ib yam li lwm PCBA. Cov txheej txheem feem ntau tseem ceeb npaum li qhov schematic.
4. Fais fab, Thermal, thiab suab nrov-Kev txhawj xeeb txog kev tsim khoom
Cov kev tswj hwm kev lag luam feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov motors, sensors, relays, solenoids, teb thaiv, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov kab sib txuas lus, lossis lwm yam khoom siv - theem teeb liab.
Qhov ntawd ua rau lub zog, cua sov, thiab cov suab nrov hluav taws xob tseem ceeb dua li lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm BOM ib leeg.
Los ntawm PCBA kev tsim thiab kev tshuaj xyuas, OEM cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum qhia meej cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau, siab - txoj hauv kev tam sim no, tshav kub- tsim cov khoom, relay lossis hloov chaw, cov khoom sib cais, cov kev cia siab hauv av, tiv thaiv los yog lim cov kev xav tau, cov khoom sib txuas tam sim no, tsim thermal pad, thaj chaw tooj liab xav tau, thiab ntxuav lossis txheej txheej xav tau.
Tus khub EMS tsis hloov tus neeg yuav khoom lub luag haujlwm tsim hluav taws xob. Tab sis tus khub tsim khoom tuaj yeem chij qhov kev pheej hmoo uas cuam tshuam rau kev sib dhos, tshuaj xyuas, kuaj, thiab rov ua dua.
Piv txwv li, lub hwj chim txuas yuav xav tau kev xav txog kev siv tshuab zoo dua. Ib lub relay lossis lub davhlau ya nyob twg thaiv yuav xav tau kev saib xyuas ntxiv thaum dhau los ntawm - qhov sib dhos thiab tshuaj xyuas. QFN lossis BGA cov cuab yeej yuav xav tau X-Ray Inspection yog tias cov khoom siv zais zais yog ib feem ntawm qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ntseeg tau.
Lub ntsiab lus tsis yog dhau -engineer txhua lub rooj tsavxwm.
Lub ntsiab lus yog kom paub tseeb tias txoj kev npaj tsim khoom hwm lub rooj tsavxwm lub luag haujlwm tiag tiag.
5. Kev ntsuam xyuas thiab kev soj ntsuam uas haum rau pawg thawj coj saib kev ua haujlwm
Kev tswj hwm kev lag luam PCBA feem ntau xav tau qhov kev sim kom pom tseeb dua li kev kuaj pom sai.
Qhov kev sim ntsuas yog nyob ntawm pawg thawj coj saib kev ua haujlwm, theem kev pheej hmoo, kev npaj firmware, kev nkag mus kuaj, hom pob khoom, thiab theem tsim khoom.
Kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev sim ntau yam yuav tsum muaj xws li AOI Kev Tshuaj Xyuas kom pom SMT sib dhos zoo, X-Ray Inspection rau cov pob qij txha hauv qhov xav tau, ICT Testing thaum kuaj nkag thiab kom muaj nuj nqis rau nws, firmware programming, FCT Test, relay los yog I/O simulation, kev sib txuas lus interface checks, fais fab mov -nce thiab tam sim no kos cov ntaub ntawv.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog qhov yooj yim:
"Kev sim tag nrho" tsis yog ib qho kev sim.
Rau kev tswj hwm kev lag luam, tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum txhais qhov yuav tsum tau ua pov thawj. Puas yog lub rooj tsavxwm yuav tsum tau hloov lub relay? Nyeem sensor input? Sib txuas lus hla RS-485, CAN, Ethernet, lossis lwm qhov sib txuas? Tsav qhov tso zis? Load firmware? Teb rau ib qho kev xeem fixture? Dhau qhov kev txheeb xyuas-theem?
Ib qho tseem ceebKev kuaj thiab tshuaj xyuastxoj kev npaj yuav tsum rov ua dua los ntawm pab pawg tsim khoom, tsis yog nkag siab rau tus tsim qauv tsim.
6. Programming, Firmware, thiab Functional Test Readiness
Muaj ntau lub tuam txhab tswj kev lag luam nyob ntawm firmware.
Qhov ntawd txhais tau hais tias PCB sib dhos tsis ua tiav vim tias tag nrho cov khoom siv yog soldered. Lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib tseem yuav xav tau kev ua haujlwm, kev teeb tsa, calibration, lossis kev ua haujlwm pov thawj ua ntej nws tuaj yeem tso tawm.
Ua ntej kev tsim khoom lossis qis dua - ntim cov khoom pib, OEM cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum npaj cov ntaub ntawv firmware, programming method, connector lossis pogo pin access, khau raj cov lus qhia, sim software yog tias xav tau, xav tau tus cwj pwm tso tawm, cov txheej txheem dhau / tsis ua haujlwm, cov cai tswj hwm, thiab rov ua dua tshiab tom qab rov ua haujlwm dua.
Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm qhov chaw uas muaj PCBA cov haujlwm ua haujlwm qeeb.
Lub rooj tsavxwm tau sib sau ua ke, tab sis lub firmware tsis npaj txhij. Los yog lub firmware npaj txhij, tab sis txoj kev programming tsis ntau lawm - phooj ywg. Los yog qhov ua haujlwm tau meej meej rau tus neeg yuav khoom tus kws ua haujlwm, tab sis tsis tau sau meej meej rau pawg neeg kuaj EMS.
Ib qho kev sim uas tsuas yog ib tus engineer tuaj yeem khiav tsis tau yog qhov kev sim ntau lawm.
7. Mechanical Integration thiab Box Tsim Kev Npaj
Industrial tswj boards feem ntau tsis nkoj li cov laug cam mus ib txhis.
Tej zaum lawv yuav tsum tau haum rau hauv ib lub thawv, muaj PC chassis, tswj txee, rooj vag khoom, module vaj tse, los yog lub thawv tsim los ua ke. Txawm tias thaum lub phiaj xwm pib ntawm pawg thawj coj, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov tshuab tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau PCBA kev txiav txim siab.
Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum qhia meej txog cov kev txwv kaw, qhov kev tawm ntawm qhov txuas, cov kev cai sib dhos cable, cov khoom siv txuas, cov ntawv cim npe, cov ntsiab lus txuas hauv av lossis chassis, cov kev xav tau thermal interface, cov kev xav tau ntim, thiab cov kev cia siab zaum kawg.
Lub PCBA uas dhau qhov kev xeem hluav taws xob tseem tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem yog tias qhov txuas txuas tau raug thaiv, cable khoov tsis zoo, lub rooj tsav xwm tsis sib haum nrog lub kaw lus, lossis daim ntawv lo tsis sib haum nrog kev sib dhos.
Rau cov ntawv thov kev tswj hwm kev lag luam, pawg thawj coj- theem kev tsim khoom thiab cov txheej txheem- theem kev sib koom ua ke yuav tsum tsis txhob raug kho raws li ob qho kev sib tham sib cais.
8. Traceability thiab Revision Control
Muaj OEM cov neeg yuav khoom feem ntau mob siab txog kev rov ua dua ntawm cov khoom siv.
Qhov ntawd ua rau traceability thiab kev hloov kho tswj tseem ceeb. Yog tias qhov teeb meem tshwm sim tom qab, tus neeg yuav khoom yuav xav paub seb qhov kev hloov kho PCB, BOM hloov kho, feem ntau, firmware version, xeem qhov tshwm sim, lossis cov khoom tsim tawm tau koom nrog.
Cov kev cai traceability yuav suav nrog PCB kev kho dua tshiab, BOM kho dua tshiab, cov ntaub ntawv ntau, tus lej xov tooj lossis daim ntawv lo tswj, firmware version cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv xeem, cov ntaub ntawv rov ua dua thiab rov ua dua, thiab ntim lossis xa cov ntaub ntawv batch.
Tsis yog txhua pawg tswj hwm kev lag luam xav tau cov ntaub ntawv hnyav.
Tab sis tus neeg yuav khoom thiab EMS tus khub yuav tsum pom zoo rau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ua ntej pib tsim.
Lub sijhawm phem tshaj plaws los txheeb xyuas kev taug qab yog tom qab qhov teeb meem tshwm sim.
Dab tsi OEM cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum tau qhia ua ntej RFQ
Ua ntej thov cov lus hais rau kev tswj hwm kev lag luam PCB sib dhos, cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum npaj ntau dua Gerber cov ntaub ntawv thiab BOM.
Ib pob RFQ muaj txiaj ntsig yuav suav nrog:
- Gerber lossis ODB++ cov ntaub ntawv
- BOM nrog cov chaw tsim khoom tus lej
- Kev hloov kho PCB thiab BOM
- sib dhos kos duab
- xaiv-thiab- tso cov ntaub ntawv
- polarity thiab orientation sau ntawv
- pom zoo alternates los yog hloov txoj cai
- firmware lossis programming xav tau
- FCT txheej txheem los yog xav tau kev ua haujlwm zoo
- connector, cable, los yog enclosure sau ntawv
- txheej, tu, lossis kev tiv thaiv qhov xav tau
- AOI, ICT, FCT, X-Ray, lossis tshaj tawm cov cai
- labeling, ntim, thiab traceability expectations
Qhov no tsis txhais hais tias txhua qhov project xav tau txhua cov ntaub ntawv txij hnub ib.
Tab sis tsis meej inputs tsim tsis meej quotes. Rau kev tswj hwm kev lag luam, feem ntau txhais tau tias cov lus nug ntau dua, kev tshuaj xyuas qeeb dua, thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua ntawm kev xav nkag mus rau hauv kev tsim.
Qhov twg IPC-A-610 chav kawm, kev xav tau txheej txheej, lossis tus qauv tshuaj xyuas cov neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb siv, nws yuav tsum tau hais meej meej hauv RFQ es tsis txhob sab laug raws li qhov kev thov "qib kev lag luam" dav dav.
Cov lus nug nug ib tus khub EMS
Thaum ntsuas tus khub EMS rau kev tswj hwm kev lag luam PCBA, OEM cov neeg yuav khoom tuaj yeem nug:
- Koj puas tau tsim cov boards nrog cov khoom sib txuas zoo sib xws, relay, lub zog, lossis cov kev xav tau sib xyaw?
- Koj ua li cas thiaj li tau txais kev pom zoo hloov pauv thiab cov khoom hloov pauv?
- Koj puas tuaj yeem txhawb nqa SMT ntxiv los ntawm - qhov sib dhos hauv ib txoj hauv kev ruaj khov?
- Koj txhais li cas rau AOI, X-Ray, ICT, thiab FCT lub luag haujlwm rau lub rooj tsavxwm no?
- Dab tsi firmware lossis programming inputs koj xav tau ua ntej ntau lawm?
- Cov txheej txheem xeem puas tuaj yeem rov ua dua los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim khoom, tsis yog los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij?
- Cov ntaub ntawv traceability dab tsi muaj rau kev tsim?
- Yuav ua li cas rework thiab retest handled?
- Cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi yuav muab nrog rau kev xa khoom?
Cov lus nug no yog siv tau. Lawv pab tus neeg yuav khoom nkag siab tias tus neeg muag khoom tsuas yog hais tus nqi tso npe lossis tshuaj xyuas lub rooj tsavxwm raws li cov khoom lag luam.
Ib Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Siv Tau
Tsis yog txhua pawg tswj hwm kev lag luam xav tau tib lub rooj sib dhos thiab kev sim ntsuas.
Ib qho yooj yim interface board nrog pom cov pob qij txha, tsis muaj firmware, tsis muaj siab - cov khoom pheej hmoo, thiab cov keeb kwm rov qab ruaj khov tsuas yog xav tau cov qauv SMT sib dhos, pom lossis AOI tshuaj xyuas, thiab kev lees paub hluav taws xob yooj yim.
Lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib Ua Haujlwm ntau dua nrog firmware, relays, fais fab kev sib txuas, kab sib txuas lus, BGA pob, thaiv kev txwv, lossis kev cia siab ntawm thaj chaw yuav xav tau cov txheej txheem ntau dua: DFM tshuaj xyuas, BOM kev pheej hmoo tshuaj xyuas, thawj tsab xov xwm tshuaj xyuas, programming, FCT, X-Ray qhov xav tau, thiab cov ntaub ntawv taug qab.
Qhov yuam kev yog tsis xaiv cov txheej txheem sib dua.
Qhov yuam kev yog xaiv cov txheej txheem sib dua yam tsis nkag siab txog kev pheej hmoo.
Rau cov neeg yuav khoom OEM, txoj cai PCBA yuav tsum phim lub rooj tsav xwm kev ua haujlwm, ib puag ncig, theem tsim khoom, thiab cuam tshuam tsis ua haujlwm.
Qhov no txhais tau li cas rau cov neeg yuav khoom OEM
Kev sib dhos PCB rau kev tswj hwm kev lag luam tsis yog tsuas yog hais txog kev tso cov khoom.
Nws yog hais txog kev tsim lub rooj tsavxwm uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv cov khoom siv hauv kev lag luam, raug kuaj kom meej, koom ua ke nrog lub kaw lus, thiab rov ua dua nyob rau yav tom ntej.
Qhov ntawd yuav tsum muaj kev sib tham sib txawv nrog EMS tus khub.
Tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum tsis txhob nug tus nqi xwb. Tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum nug seb tus neeg muag khoom yuav tswj hwm BOM li cas, kev sib xyaw ua ke thev naus laus zis, kev sib txuas sib txuas, kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, kev ntsuam xyuas, kev tshuaj xyuas, kev tshawb xyuas, thiab rov ua kom tiav cov khoom tiav.
Rau kev tswj hwm kev lag luam PCBA, qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws feem ntau tuaj thaum engineering, kev tsim khoom, kev tsim khoom, thiab kev sim ua kom zoo ua ntej pib tsim.
Qhov ntawd yog qhov uas muaj ntau yam kev zam tsis tau raug tiv thaiv.
Xaus
OEM cov neeg yuav khoom feem ntau xav tau ntau tshaj qhov kev tso kawm SMT thaum muab khoom PCB sib dhos rau kev tswj hwm kev lag luam.
Lawv xav tau kev tswj hwm BOM ruaj khov, kev tsim cov khoom siv, kev tsim khoom- paub txog kev tshuaj xyuas, kev sib xyaw thev naus laus zis los ua ke kev npaj, kev kuaj pom tseeb thiab kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, kev npaj ua haujlwm firmware, kev paub txog kev sib koom ua ke, thiab kev qhuab qhia traceability.
Kev tswj hwm kev lag luam zoo PCBA yuav tsum tsis txhob nyob ntawm qhov kev xav.
Nws yuav tsum tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv meej, cov ntaub ntawv tswj tau, rov ua dua, kev tshuaj xyuas tau hais tseg, kev sim ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab tsim cov pob uas EMS tus khub tuaj yeem ua raws yam tsis xav tau.
Rau cov neeg yuav khoom OEM npaj ib txoj haujlwm tswj kev lag luam, STHL tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas qhov yuav tsum tau ua los ntawm aPCB Assembly, Cheebtsam Sourcing, thiabKev kuaj thiab tshuaj xyuaskev xav ua ntej hais los yog npaj ntau lawm. Xa koj cov ntaub ntawv los ntawmThov ib daim Quotelos yog tiv tauj peb ntawminfo@pcba-china.com.
